Table 4 Statistical significance of average scores and prevalence rates by sex, sport type, and specific sport

Males

2.50 ± 0.93

p < 0.001

22.37%

p = 0.002

1.68 ± 1.81

N/A

16.67%

p < 0.001

Females

3.15 ± 0.87

46.53%

8.80 ± 3.96

62.86%

Aesthetic

3.30 ± 0.94

p = 0.048 (ANOVA)

p = 0.044 between aesthetic and ball sports

59.00%

p = 0.016

8.61 ± 4.07 (LEAF)

0 ± 0 (LEAM)

N/A

54.05%

p = 0.871

Endurance

2.81 ± 0.95

36.00%

9.44 ± 4.07 (LEAF)

1.33 ± 1.51 (LEAM)

59.09%

Ball

2.88 ± 0.92

33.04%

8.78 ± 3.86 (LEAF)

1.92 ± 1.81 (LEAM)

53.21%

Wrestling

2.86 ± 1.02

p < 0.001 (ANOVA)

men’s volleyball sig. different from women’s gymnastics (p = 0.016), dance (p = 0.001), softball (p = 0.024), field hockey (p = 0.016)

40.63%

p = 0.001

1.69 ± 2.01 (LEAM)

p = 0.568 (ANOVA) for female sports

p = 0.145 (t-test) for male sports

18.75%

p < 0.001

Men’s Volleyball

2.37 ± 0.82

10.53%

2.11 ± 1.91 (LEAM)

22.22%

Women’s Gymnastics

3.35 ± 0.74

64.71%

9.88 ± 3.41 (LEAF)

76.47%

Women’s Soccer

2.83 ± 0.86

23.53%

8.47 ± 3.10 (LEAF)

52.94%

Dance Team

3.73 ± 0.63

81.82%

7.82 ± 4.47 (LEAF)

36.36%

Softball

3.25 ± 0.89

52.17%

8.91 ± 4.80 (LEAF)

68.18%

Field Hockey

3.26 ± 0.87

50.00%

9.62 ± 3.42 (LEAF)

72.41%